{"id":71911,"date":"2026-01-22T02:46:20","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T08:46:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/?p=71911"},"modified":"2026-02-26T00:00:39","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T06:00:39","slug":"accuracy-and-precision-impact-of-precision","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/accuracy-and-precision-impact-of-precision.html","title":{"rendered":"Accuracy and Precision: Impact of Precision"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1\" data-local-id=\"8ed8d7af-e3c0-474c-a774-83f88e29af51\">We previously examined the impact of measurement accuracy in an earlier article. In this article, we shift our focus to the influence of a battery tester\u2019s <strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">precision<\/strong> on battery research.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"189\" data-local-id=\"3dc57235-f791-4448-aa78-cc2301948a41\">In many research applications, parameters such as <strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">dV\/dt<\/strong> \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 <strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">dQ\/dV<\/strong> are widely used. The reliability of these measurements depends heavily on the precision of the battery tester, as small fluctuations or noise in voltage or current can significantly distort their interpretation.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"468\" data-local-id=\"3e0093b5-e60c-4ae7-9b38-27803d08357a\">The value of derivative capacity curve:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-71914\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/the-value-of-derivative-capacity-curve.png\" alt=\"the value of derivative capacity curve\" width=\"232\" height=\"101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/the-value-of-derivative-capacity-curve.png 232w, https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/the-value-of-derivative-capacity-curve-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"512\" data-local-id=\"cce6294a-bb89-43fa-9ea6-f64d217fecff\">Because dQ\/dt = I, we can write:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-71915\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/the-value-of-derivative-capacity-curve-2.png\" alt=\"the value of derivative capacity curve 2\" width=\"225\" height=\"126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/the-value-of-derivative-capacity-curve-2.png 225w, https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/the-value-of-derivative-capacity-curve-2-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"549\" data-local-id=\"9a2a2ff2-9c60-4a15-a839-ccb17ab86796\">dV\/dt can be re-written in details as follows:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-71916\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/the-value-of-derivative-capacity-curve-3.png\" alt=\"the value of derivative capacity curve 3\" width=\"257\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/the-value-of-derivative-capacity-curve-3.png 257w, https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/the-value-of-derivative-capacity-curve-3-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ak-ul\" data-local-id=\"dc42b28b-5b57-4bb0-a61f-c03dc9789364\" data-indent-level=\"1\">\n<li>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"605\" data-local-id=\"1ef35192-fee3-4026-8181-a745cea638a8\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">dV\/dt analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"623\" data-local-id=\"b94b8088-874c-4f29-9bad-34fa6288c259\">We can see that in a very short time, even if we assume that the battery voltage is constant in reality, let say V0, the noise can cause a fake \u0394V (\u0394V = Vi+1 &#8211; Vi), resulting a false peak in dV\/dt. To be more precise, if we take dt as 1ms, and Voltage is constant during that 1ms, dV\/dt =0.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"915\" data-local-id=\"fa745e4a-7a2d-4692-b186-11b791432885\">If we take the precision as 0.01% <span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\"><span class=\"_kqswh2mm\"><span class=\"_5pioz8co _189e1dm9 _1il9buyh _19lc184f _d0altlke\" data-testid=\"definition-highlighter\">FSR<\/span><\/span><\/span>, let\u2019s take the <span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\">FSR<\/span> as 10V (From -5V to 5V). Then the absolute value of voltage precision is: 10 * 0.01% = 0.001 V or 1 mV.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1078\" data-local-id=\"39741eae-ca9d-4240-9699-b8845f8cfd8d\">We examine the worst case where V i+1 = V0 + 1 mV, Vi = V0 &#8211; 1 mV.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1146\" data-local-id=\"3813df93-4f6b-4cf3-a2a6-edb4321975ef\">Then \u0394V = Vi+1 &#8211; Vi = (V0 + 1mV) &#8211; (V0 &#8211; 1 mV) = 2 mV<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1201\" data-local-id=\"b364745d-990c-4d6d-8ef6-b859e165ab64\">dV\/dt = 1mV\/2ms = 0.5 V\/s.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1229\" data-local-id=\"2fcea789-4abb-4b02-bebe-4dec0b0546ec\">The real Voltage is 0 as assumption above, the value of dV\/dt should be 0. However, we can see that due to precision limitation, the value of dV\/dt measured become 0.5V\/s, which is a huge difference.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1430\" data-local-id=\"90cf9de5-477a-4f87-8316-a58d8934d6df\">In reality, the worst case may hardly happen, however, the example above shows us how substantially the precision limitation can cause to the result of dV\/dt.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1590\" data-local-id=\"c12a978a-fd89-4972-a93e-3db3a793ec8e\">It\u2019s worth highlighting that even with some inaccuracy, if the precision is perfect, the measurement of \u0394V is still perfect, because value of both Vi+1 and Vi are shifted equally.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ak-ul\" data-local-id=\"5165f370-c362-4fe9-9f8e-3114ceb74a2a\" data-indent-level=\"1\">\n<li>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1779\" data-local-id=\"d7d5e2df-8958-4159-b0d1-9dbf1aa4185e\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">dQ\/dV analysis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1798\" data-local-id=\"87a0414e-8b7e-41d9-9740-20f04820094c\">Because:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-71917\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/dq-dv-analysis.png\" alt=\"dq dv analysis\" width=\"225\" height=\"126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/dq-dv-analysis.png 225w, https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/dq-dv-analysis-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1811\" data-local-id=\"9804bb16-43d8-4411-a043-bdce009ad651\">We can assume that the accuracy and precision of time measurement is very high and ignore it.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1906\" data-local-id=\"335c0ad6-64dd-4a8e-8bd3-8d062c5bba78\">In a very short time, the error of current measurement can be ignored also, therefore the accuracy analysis of dQ\/dV and dV\/dt are narrowed down to dV\/dt accuracy analysis.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2080\" data-local-id=\"380c75f8-bb6c-43c5-b0b5-3574bfbc26dc\">Similar to the analysis above, take the example in which dV change in a very short time of 5ms. Let\u2019s say dV= 0.08mV.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2199\" data-local-id=\"478be4c2-4bf0-49b3-81d3-0b385e996188\">In this case dV\/dt = 0.08mV\/5ms=0.016V\/s<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2241\" data-local-id=\"fbcdfdcf-b17c-4745-8be6-ea2ac817b8b9\">With the precision of 1 mV, the dV can easily be distorted from 0.08mV to be 0, causing dV\/dt to be 0, and the infinite high in dQ\/dV<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Case-Study:-How-Voltage-Precision-Affects-dV\/dt-and-dQ\/dV-Calculation-in-Battery-Analyzers\" data-local-id=\"b46ba99b-9a4b-4192-870a-72b04c82f5a8\" data-renderer-start-pos=\"2376\">Case Study: How Voltage Precision Affects dV\/dt and dQ\/dV Calculation in Battery Analyzers<\/h3>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2468\" data-local-id=\"07b60a0d-27f6-4157-a7e9-e934c2c04a86\">When analyzing dQ\/dV, the system must calculate:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-71918\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/analyzing-dq-dv-2.png\" alt=\"analyzing dq dv 2\" width=\"44\" height=\"62\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/analyzing-dq-dv-2.png 44w, https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/analyzing-dq-dv-2-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 44px) 100vw, 44px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2521\" data-local-id=\"db0272e8-2df9-4891-bf91-c283aba1f976\">However, if \u0394V is extremely small (tens of \u00b5V), measurement noise becomes larger than the real signal. This causes:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ak-ul\" data-local-id=\"2cb8388c-678d-482f-9b91-9ed1b026e272\" data-indent-level=\"1\">\n<li>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2640\" data-local-id=\"ab59372c-f302-4cf2-bd4d-4f49d2a61e3d\">dV\/dt to collapse to zero<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2669\" data-local-id=\"0c94ed59-5ea5-4c1a-bfb4-589eb2c4da09\">dQ\/dV to spike to extremely large values<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2713\" data-local-id=\"c6af0d4e-f54d-4802-b1b2-8b07265e1d08\">unusable dQ\/dV curves<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2738\" data-local-id=\"f7a43e52-b6d7-49da-86b7-7a3e96d731a2\">To avoid this, <strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">most battery analyzers (including Arbin)<\/strong> do <strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">not<\/strong> compute dV\/dt every few milliseconds.<br \/>\nInstead, they <strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">wait until the voltage change (\u0394V) is larger than a threshold<\/strong>, typically:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-71919\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/analyzing-dq-dv-3.png\" alt=\"analyzing dq dv 3\" width=\"321\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/analyzing-dq-dv-3.png 321w, https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/analyzing-dq-dv-3-18x2.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2931\" data-local-id=\"6bad16ed-df75-43dd-bb71-437f1f621d13\">Then they compute one stable dV\/dt.<\/p>\n<h3 data-renderer-start-pos=\"2968\" data-local-id=\"1b0d6b43-b7ae-4ab8-b462-b10584aac45f\">Case Study<\/h3>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"2980\" data-local-id=\"79b4a65e-b981-45c6-8e71-da58741c40bf\">Examine a case where after 5ms, the voltage change is \u0394V = 0.08 mV (80 \u00b5V). Assume that in small time interval, the voltage increase linearly. We calculate the smallest time interval for \u0394V to get 10 times of the voltage precision for each type of battery tester.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-table-container with-shadow-observer\" data-layout=\"custom\" data-testid=\"table-container\">\n<div class=\"pm-table-wrapper\" data-number-column=\"false\" data-layout=\"center\" data-autosize=\"false\" data-table-local-id=\"d8903e23-c29d-40dc-94b0-e2e9c2ce90a5\" data-table-width=\"760\" data-vc=\"table-node-wrapper\">\n<table data-testid=\"renderer-table\" data-number-column=\"false\" data-table-width=\"760\" data-layout=\"center\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sortable-column__wrapper\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"166\" data-cell-background=\"#f0f1f2\" aria-sort=\"none\">\n<div class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sortable-column\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3248\" data-local-id=\"d7e805f9-baa1-4dea-b3d2-60763a42113e\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">\uc81c\ud488<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon__wrapper ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon__no-order\">\n<div role=\"presentation\">\n<div class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon css-1f6xth7\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"\uc5f4\uc5d0 \uc815\ub82c\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\" aria-disabled=\"false\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<div class=\"sorting-icon-svg__no_order ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon-inactive css-1asrlx7\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sortable-column__wrapper\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"186\" data-cell-background=\"#f0f1f2\" aria-sort=\"none\">\n<div class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sortable-column\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3260\" data-local-id=\"87cff9a7-c88e-4f64-b8cf-e660087d71b1\">Voltage precision<\/p>\n<figure class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon__wrapper ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon__no-order\">\n<div role=\"presentation\">\n<div class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon css-1f6xth7\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"\uc5f4\uc5d0 \uc815\ub82c\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\" aria-disabled=\"false\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<div class=\"sorting-icon-svg__no_order ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon-inactive css-1asrlx7\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sortable-column__wrapper\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"266\" data-cell-background=\"#f0f1f2\" aria-sort=\"none\">\n<div class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sortable-column\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3281\" data-local-id=\"ffb5cf18-bf02-4f22-8fc2-50ac3def0833\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">10 times of voltage precision<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon__wrapper ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon__no-order\">\n<div role=\"presentation\">\n<div class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon css-1f6xth7\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"\uc5f4\uc5d0 \uc815\ub82c\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\" aria-disabled=\"false\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<div class=\"sorting-icon-svg__no_order ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon-inactive css-1asrlx7\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<th class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sortable-column__wrapper\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"140\" data-cell-background=\"#f0f1f2\" aria-sort=\"none\">\n<div class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sortable-column\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3314\" data-local-id=\"907acbe2-f395-4498-a83d-6f951ca3062c\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Min time interval<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon__wrapper ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon__no-order\">\n<div role=\"presentation\">\n<div class=\"ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon css-1f6xth7\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"\uc5f4\uc5d0 \uc815\ub82c\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\" aria-disabled=\"false\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<div class=\"sorting-icon-svg__no_order ak-renderer-tableHeader-sorting-icon-inactive css-1asrlx7\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"166\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3337\" data-local-id=\"3611b432-a11f-4fb6-bd08-3da277f2394c\">Certain Brand X<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"186\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3356\" data-local-id=\"0e850ab3-ba17-401b-9b4a-48c7ad5b2af5\">\u00b14 mV<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"266\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3365\" data-local-id=\"3eff074a-f1df-4911-b484-3ea62651caa4\">\u00b140 mV<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"140\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3375\" data-local-id=\"6dd2e532-d74a-427a-829c-f887ae06c873\">2500ms<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"166\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3387\" data-local-id=\"06022dba-6d34-40a4-b6c8-ddfd1eb64ef3\">Voltage precision \u2013 <span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\"><span class=\"_kqswh2mm\"><span class=\"_5pioz8co _189e1dm9 _1il9buyh _19lc184f _d0altlke\" data-testid=\"definition-highlighter\">LBT5V<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"186\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3416\" data-local-id=\"6c2dc3f0-ed66-42dc-aaeb-02cf4fae7f19\">\u00b11 mV<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"266\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3425\" data-local-id=\"9f449097-8949-415a-8597-05184327f4a9\">\u00b110 mV<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"140\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3435\" data-local-id=\"ff402599-555f-45b0-8200-8a50848f0d76\">625ms<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"166\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3446\" data-local-id=\"48285951-f739-428f-ad83-a42f7753f028\">Voltage precision \u2013 Arbin <span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\"><span class=\"_kqswh2mm\"><span class=\"_5pioz8co _189e1dm9 _1il9buyh _19lc184f _d0altlke\" data-testid=\"definition-highlighter\">HPS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"186\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3479\" data-local-id=\"24ecc001-4fc5-4f28-b033-3749bd4f5fa0\">\u00b1120 \u00b5V<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"266\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3490\" data-local-id=\"f00fc77b-71be-49d1-9bc8-b5d30f054bb4\">\u00b11200 \u00b5V = 1.2 ms<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\" data-colwidth=\"140\" data-cell-background=\"#ffffff\">\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3511\" data-local-id=\"8064e22f-05b7-4129-bff0-1ab95c70e23a\">75ms<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sentinel-right\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">We can see that for a 5V battery tester with precision of +\/- 0.04% <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\" data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\">FSR<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> (4mV), the minimum time interval to calculate dV\/dt is 2.5 seconds, which is substantially higher than Arbin <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\" data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\">HPS<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> (75ms)<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3713\" data-local-id=\"870a8f8a-dd39-4ee0-9dbf-5af90ff1aac9\"><strong data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Reference<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3724\" data-local-id=\"a77c8ee6-c582-45d8-99e3-99aaaab1d645\">Arbin Instruments. (2021). <em data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Battery test system accuracy and calibration white paper.<\/em> College Station, TX: Arbin Instruments.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3850\" data-local-id=\"d35cb2b4-4a0b-4d3a-a783-ff99f44cc549\">Arbin Instruments. (2023). <em data-renderer-mark=\"true\"><span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\"><span class=\"_kqswh2mm\"><span class=\"_5pioz8co _189e1dm9 _1il9buyh _19lc184f _d0altlke\" data-testid=\"definition-highlighter\">LBT<\/span><\/span><\/span> Series product manual (Rev. 2.3).<\/em> College Station, TX: Arbin Instruments.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"3956\" data-local-id=\"c9b9a0a2-6612-447b-b7b8-68361e7b574f\"><span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\"><span class=\"_kqswh2mm\"><span class=\"_5pioz8co _189e1dm9 _1il9buyh _19lc184f _d0altlke\" data-testid=\"definition-highlighter\">ASTM<\/span><\/span><\/span> International. (2020). <em data-renderer-mark=\"true\"><span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\">ASTM<\/span> E177-20: Standard practice for use of the terms precision and bias in <span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\">ASTM<\/span> test methods.<\/em> West Conshohocken, PA: <span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\">ASTM<\/span> International. <span data-inline-card=\"true\" data-card-url=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1520\/E0177-20\" data-annotation-inline-node=\"true\" data-annotation-mark=\"true\" data-renderer-start-pos=\"4121\"><span class=\"loader-wrapper\"><span class=\"hover-card-trigger-wrapper\" data-testid=\"hover-card-trigger-wrapper\"><a class=\"_1yt4x7n9 _2rko12b0 _v56415x0 _1e0c1nu9 _16d9qvcn _syaz13af _1rkwglyw _4cvx1w55 _19itia51 _bfhkhp5a _1a3b1r31 _4fprglyw _5goinqa1 _9oik1r31 _1bnxglyw _jf4cnqa1 _1nrm1r31 _c2waglyw _1iohnqa1 _uizt1kdv _nt751r31 _49pcglyw _1hvw1o36 _1372tlke _7ehiw5lj _1j5pglyw _1di615s3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1520\/E0177-20\" data-testid=\"inline-card-resolved-view\"><span class=\"_19itglyw _vchhusvi _r06hglyw _o5721jtm _1nmz9jpi _16d9qvcn _ca0qv77o _u5f31b66 _n3tdv77o _19bv1b66\" data-testid=\"inline-card-icon-and-title\"><span class=\"_19itglyw _vchhusvi _r06hglyw\">Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"4124\" data-local-id=\"8056ee28-7352-490a-b44a-372b252f5d13\"><span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\"><span class=\"_kqswh2mm\"><span class=\"_5pioz8co _189e1dm9 _1il9buyh _19lc184f _d0altlke\" data-testid=\"definition-highlighter\">IEC<\/span><\/span><\/span>. (2018). <em data-renderer-mark=\"true\"><span data-highlighted=\"true\" data-vc=\"highlighted-text\">IEC<\/span> 62660-1:2018 \u2013 Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles \u2013 Part 1: Performance testing.<\/em> Geneva, Switzerland: International Electrotechnical Commission.<\/p>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"4325\" data-local-id=\"1fce89b3-b468-4b13-8d6a-64c014b06bdc\">Newman, J., &amp; Thomas-Alyea, K. E. (2004). <em data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Electrochemical systems<\/em> (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We previously examined the impact of measurement accuracy in an earlier article. In this article, we shift our focus to the influence of a battery tester\u2019s precision on battery research. In many research applications, parameters such as dV\/dt and dQ\/dV are widely used. The reliability of these measurements depends heavily on the precision of the [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":71921,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[109],"class_list":["post-71911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-application-notes","tag-precision"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71911"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81136,"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71911\/revisions\/81136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arbin.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}